
Peru (/pəˈruː/ (About this soundlisten); Spanish: Perú [peˈɾu]; Quechua: Piruw [pɪɾʊw];[8] Aymara: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: About this soundRepública del Perú (help·info)), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.[9] Peru has a population 33 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1.28 million km2 (0.5 million mi2), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America. Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BCE, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in the pre-Columbian Americas, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennia BCE. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551. Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821, and following the foreign military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar, and the decisive battle of Ayacucho, Peru completed its independence in 1824. In the ensuing years, the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability, which ended shortly before the War of the Pacific (1879–1884) with Chile. Throughout the 20th century, Peru endured armed territorial disputes, coups, social unrest, and internal conflicts, as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. In the 1990s, the country implemented a neoliberal economic model which is still in use to this day. Since then, Peru has experienced a constant economic growth and a decrease in inequality. The sovereign state of Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Peru is a developing country, ranking 82nd on the Human Development Index,[10] with a high level of human development[11] with an upper middle income level[12] and a poverty rate around 19 percent.[13] It is one of the region's most prosperous economies with an average growth rate of 5.9%[13] and it has one of the world's fastest industrial growth rates at an average of 9.6%.[14] Its main economic activities include mining, manufacturing, agriculture and fishing; along with other growing sectors such as telecommunications and biotechnology.[15] The country forms part of The Pacific Pumas, a political and economic grouping of countries along Latin America's Pacific coast that share common trends of positive growth, stable macroeconomic foundations, improved governance and an openness to global integration. Peru ranks high in social freedom;[16] it is an active member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Alliance, the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the World Trade Organization; and is considered as a middle power.[17] Peru has a population which includes Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music.

Peru

Filming Location(s)
for Filming Location(s) in World War II: The War in the Europe
Suggested by kutingkuting

World War II was the most devastating and bloody military conflict in human history. It ran from 1939 to 1945 and was attended by most of the world's countries. In total, the this conflict has claimed more than 70 million victims on lives. 2025 marks 80 years since the end of this devastating war. Let us therefore recall the events that took place during it. The heroism of the allies who fought on all fronts for freedom against the Axis countries. It all began on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany invaded Poland. The fall of France followed. The Battle of Britain and the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. For Europe, everything looked hopeless because the Nazis occupied almost all of Europe. But then the Battle of Staligrad came and the war turned. The Soviets had defended Moscow, and after the Battle of Kursk it was clear that the eastern front was lost to the for Germans. In 1944, the Western Front was open. Allied forces made a successful landing in Normandy. The Americans, Soviets, British, and other allies gradually liberated Europe from the German occupiers, revealing their heinous crimes. In the end, the last decisive battle for Berlin took place, and Nazi Germany was defeated, ending World War II in Europe. These historical events included a number of personal stories of ordinary soldiers and civilians who were fully experiencing the horrors of World War II.





