Hugo Drax is a complex and ruthless character, appearing as the main antagonist in both Ian Fleming's 1955 novel Moonraker and the 1979 James Bond film adaptation of the same name. In Ian Fleming's novel Moonraker, Sir Hugo Drax is depicted as a wealthy, scarred, and seemingly patriotic British industrialist who is secretly a German-born war criminal with a vengeful plot against England. He is introduced as a war hero and a millionaire, lauded for donating the "Moonraker" missile defense system to Britain. However, Bond uncovers Drax's true identity as Graf Hugo von der Drache, a former German soldier who was severely disfigured during a wartime incident, and who is using the Moonraker project as a cover for his revenge plot. In the film, Drax is portrayed by Michael Lonsdale as a physically imposing man with a goatee, small dark eyes, and a cultivated air of sophistication that hides his true nature. Drax intends to use a deadly nerve gas to exterminate most of humanity and then repopulate the Earth with his selected elite, who will live in a space station and later return to a "purified" planet.