In adaptations there is always a concern about character management, trying to find the right number of characters and corresponding subplots to follow. While there is the Composite Character, which combines multiple roles into one, this trope is the opposite where there might be a benefit to dividing a character to serve different roles. It is a logistical issue; perhaps events are split into different locations in the adaptation, forcing a second character to step up. Maybe there is an attempt to avoid an Omnidisciplinary Scientist by including a full staff working on a problem. There may also be a need for Cast Speciation, passing around specific traits to other characters to give them more to do.
Not to be confused with Literal Split Personality, which is when one character is split into two or more separate people by some magical or super-scientific means within the fictional work itself. Compare Multi-Slot Character, a video game-specific trope in which a character's different incarnations are treated as separate characters.