Dragonball Evolution is a 2009 American science fantasy martial arts action film directed by James Wong, produced by Stephen Chow, and written by Ben Ramsey. It is loosely based on the Japanese Dragon Ball manga series created by Akira Toriyama, and stars Justin Chatwin, Emmy Rossum, James Marsters, Jamie Chung, Chow Yun-fat, Joon Park, and Eriko Tamura. In Dragonball Evolution, the young Goku reveals his past and sets out to fight the evil alien warlord Lord Piccolo who wishes to gain the powerful Dragon Balls and use them to take over Earth. The film began development in 2002 and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the first official live-action adaptation of the Dragon Ball series. Dragonball Evolution was released in Japan and several other Asian countries on March 13, 2009, and in the United States on April 10, 2009. The film was both a critical and commercial failure. Critics and fans alike lamented the script, cast, and unfaithfulness to the source material. Additionally, it grossed only $9.4 million in North America and a worldwide total of $56.5 million against a budget of $30 million. The film was meant to be the first of a series, though all subsequent films were canceled. It is often referred to as one of the worst films of all time.[citation needed] The film has been accused of whitewashing and has had a negative effect on future anime-to-cinema adaptations, due to its poor casting, lack of loyalty to the source material, and failure at the box office.[4]