In medicine and the social sciences, a young adult is generally a person in the years following adolescence, sometimes with some overlap.[1] Definitions and opinions on what qualifies as a young adult vary, with works such as Erik Erikson's stages of human development significantly influencing the definition of the term; generally, the term is often used to refer to adults in approximately the age range of 18 to 45 years. Some inclusive definitions extend the range into the early to mid 40s, while others end earlier. The United States Census Bureau, for instance, defines young adults as those between the ages of 18 and 34.[2] Over 65 million Americans born approximately from 1990 to 2006, would likely fall under this category. [3][4] The young adult stage in human development precedes middle adulthood.[5] The phrase "young adult" is frequently used to market young adult novels to readers in the literary industry of young adult literature. These are books targeted at children down to ages 13 or 14. This broad extension of young adult to minors has been disputed, as they are not considered adults by the law or in most cultures, outside of religion (such as the Bar or Bat Mitzvah in Judaism), and the tradition of biological adulthood beginning at puberty has become archaic.[6][7] This period imposes many challenges in the health and well being, as well as psychological development of humans.[1] Young adults tend to have a lower voter turnout than people of middle age or old age.