Dr. Victor Fries, also known as Mr. Freeze, is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic book published by DC Comics. Created by writer Dave Wood and artist Sheldon Moldoff, he first appeared in Batman #121 (February 1959)[1] as the ice-based criminal Mr. Zero, but he was soon renamed "Mr. Freeze".[2] Years later, the character's origin story was revamped to match the one conceived by writer Paul Dini for Batman: The Animated Series. Dr. Victor Fries was a cryogenics expert in Gotham City who was caught in a laboratory mishap while attempting to cure his terminally ill wife, Nora; the accident drastically lowered his body temperature to sub-zero levels, forcing him to wear a cryogenic suit in order to survive. Freeze’s main goal remains finding a cure for his wife’s illness, though his methods often bring him into conflict with Batman. This depiction of Mr. Freeze has since endured as one of the superhero Batman's most recurring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up his central rogues gallery. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as #67.[3] The character has been portrayed in live-action by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the Batman television series; by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin; and by Nathan Darrow on the Fox crime series Gotham. He has also been voiced by Michael Ansara in the DC animated universe and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise.